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Quantum Heat Pump

Quantum FAQs

How does a Quantum work?
The Quantum operates by extracting heat from a moderate-temperature source, like the ambient outside air, and moving it to a higher-temperature heat sink, the hot-water supply. This heated water is then stored in a hot-water storage tank for later use. The physics and operation of the HPWH is identical to the vapor compression refrigeration/heat pump cycle used for space conditioning heat pumps, air-conditioners, and refrigerators. Figure 2 shows the components used in the vapor compression refrigeration/heat pump cycle: compressor, condenser, evaporator and expansion device. The flow of refrigerant between components in this closed cycle is also illustrated.

In the compressor, refrigerant vapor is compressed, thereby raising its temperature and pressure. This vapor then moves to the condenser. In the condenser, heat flows from the hot refrigerant to water surrounding the condenser. As heat leaves the refrigerant, the refrigerant condenses to a high-pressure, liquid state. The heat removed from the refrigerant as it changes to a liquid is transferred to the water.

The high pressure, liquid refrigerant leaves the condenser at a temperature slightly above the temperature of the water surrounding the condenser. The liquid passes to an expansion device, where it is rapidly depressurised, and some of the liquid refrigerant flashes back into vapor. The vaporisation of a portion of the refrigerant causes the remaining refrigerant to cool rapidly, and the refrigerant leaves the expansion device as a low-temperature mixture of fluid and vapor. This cold mixture then enters the evaporator, where it absorbs heat from air blown over the evaporator coils. The liquid portion of the refrigerant evaporates and the vapor then moves back to the low-pressure side of the compressor at a temperature slightly below the temperature of the heat source.

This continuing cycle results in movement of heat from the ambient air to the higher-temperature hot-water supply.

Electrical energy is required to operate both the compressor in the HPWH and a fan that continually blows air across the evaporator coils when the unit is operating. Most of the energy consumed by the compressor is used to compress and subsequently heat the refrigerant vapor, with only a small fraction of energy lost as heat from the shell of the compressor. Since the total energy to the hot water comes from the energy transferred from the heat source as well as virtually all the energy that is used by the compressor, the net amount of heat energy transferred to the hot water is considerably higher than the net input of electrical energy by the compressor. In the Quantum, the heat energy supplied to the water is typically three times the amount of electrical energy required to operate the unit.

By contrast, electrical energy in a standard electric water heater is converted directly to heat in an electrically resistive element. Since the conversion efficiency from electrical energy to heat energy is 100% and the element is completely immersed in the water, the amount of heat energy supplied to the water in a standard electric water heater is equal to the electrical energy supplied to the elements. By providing more hot water per unit of electricity consumed, the HPWH saves energy and money.

What is the Warranty?
The Quantum warranty is 7 years on the tank and condenser and 2 years on the electrical components.

What is the heating capacity?
The Quantum is equivalent to a 3.6kW electric water heater.

Is the cylinder mains pressure?
Yes.

Is the Quantum suitable for rural situations using tank or river water supply?
Yes, there would be no difference to the operation of the heat pump.

Can the Quantum be used in a low pressure system?
Yes.

What pressure can the cylinders take?
Quantum's are suitable for water pressure up to 800kPa but a pressure limiting valve is recommended to limit this to 500kPa.

Can I house the Quantum inside?
You need to consider that the volume of air required for the Quantum to operate effectively is at least the equivalent of a double garage. You also need to consider that the unit will be expelling cool air so the area surrounding the Quantum will be cooled, usually around 5 to 10 degrees C. below ambient. If it is installed inside, you need to allow for ventilation in the unlikely event that the refrigerant leaked from the system. The system is manufactured to be installed outside.

What is the minimum airflow required?
The minimum airflow generated by the fan is 280 litres per second.

Can I duct the air?
Standard 350mm air conditioning ducting is suitable. The total duct length cannot be more than 3m without booster fans.

Can Quantum's be used for in-floor heating?
New units suitable for space heating are being developed. The PH units can be used and the 27-Ph-EC would heat around 80m2 of floor area.

How much heat can the Quantum produce?
The Compact models produce 100 litres per hour at 20 degree C ambient and the Titan around 170 litres per hour (both based on a 40-degree C. temperature rise).

What is the sound level?
60dBA.

Can I link the Quantum with solar panels?
This is not recommended, as it tends to cause problems with the temperature controls.

Does the Quantum have an electric element?
No. Because of the unique patented design of the Quantum it does not require an electric element.

What is the recommended clearance on the top of the Quantum?
All models are equipped with a sacrificial anode, accessible through the top cover. We recommend allowing 400mm above the top of the water heater (if possible) for clearance to replace the anode.

For additional FAQs see the manufacturers home page at:
www.quantum-energy.com.au/FAQ.htm

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